Dogue de Bordeaux (French Mastiff): Dog Breed Characteristics & Care

The Dogue de Bordeaux, also called the French mastiff, is a large French working dog that is gentle, quiet, and a great family dog. One of the oldest and rarest breeds in France, this mastiff is a muscular, stocky, and well-balanced dog with a massive head (the largest head in the dog kingdom).

This breed dates back to the middle ages in France where the dogs were used to hunt wild game. Despite their powerful appearance, the Dogue is quite gentle in demeanor. On the other hand, their intense loyalty makes the breed a highly effective guard dog.

Learn more about the Dogue de Bordeaux, including size, temperament, housing needs, and care tips.

Characteristics of the Dogue de Bordeaux

The Dogue de Bordeaux has a strong temperament and is an excellent dog for most households. They can get along quite well with kids, but make sure to be careful when the dog is around small children. A giant dog is not always aware of their size. Overall, the Dogue de Bordeaux is an excellent choice if you want a large canine that makes a wonderful protector and companion.

The major differences between a French mastiff and a mastiff are that French mastiffs are slightly shorter, have a more protective personality, and require more grooming. French mastiffs can be more high-maintenance due to drooling. Both, however, make great family dogs.

History of the Dogue de Bordeaux

Though the Dogue de Bordeaux did not become eligible for AKC registration until 2007, they are considered one of the oldest breeds in France. While their true origins are not completely clear, the Dogue is likely a relative of the bulldog and bullmastiff.

The Dogue was classically used to protect, herd cattle, hunt, and bull bait. The breed was historically found in wealthy French homes, but it endured many hardships and attempts at extinction throughout time.

In the 1960s, enthusiasts further developed the breed, leading to an increased popularity. The Dogue de Bordeaux is perhaps best known for the lovable role in the 1989 film Turner & Hooch, which starred Tom Hanks.

Dogue de Bordeaux Care

The Dogue de Bordeaux can have a strong instinct to chase smaller animals such as cats. The breed also may not tolerate another dog in the household, especially of the same sex. While socialization and training can help prevent problems, it may not be able to eliminate the risk.

Exercise

The Dogue de Bordeaux is moderately energetic for their size and needs a proper outlet. This dog is not an apartment dog, as they need room to play and daily exercise. Along with training, adequate exercise, such as one long walk or a few shorter walks each day, totaling about 45 minutes is very important.

Fun activities for this dog include:

• Short hikes
• Agility
• Swimming
• Fetch
• Scent work

However, remember not to overdo it because this large breed dog may be prone to orthopedic problems. Walk the dog at a comfortable, not vigorous pace.

Additionally, the Dogue is a brachycephalic (short-nosed) breed that can possibly overheat or develop breathing issues. Make sure you have a firm understanding of your dog's endurance level. You won't be able to carry this mega-size dog home if they cannot make it through a walk on their own four paws.

Grooming

The Dogue de Bordeaux has a very short, soft-hair coat that requires little attention. Occasional use of a grooming mitt or glove should be sufficient for coat care. Because of their giant size, a grooming routine should be established early on so your dog gets used to it.

The numerous skin folds on the Dogue's face and body do require routine cleaning to avoid irritation and infection. In addition to holding moisture, dirt and other debris could get into the folds, so keeping them clean and dry is imperative. You can use dog wipes and shampoos that are gentle yet effective.

Brushing your dog's teeth regularly (daily if possible) will help to prevent dental disease. Although the Dogue's nails may wear down naturally, check them periodically and trim the nails as needed. Your dog should only need bathing a couple of times per year—bathing them too often can lead to skin irritation.

To protect your Dogue’s skin from the sun’s harsh rays while spending time outside, use a dog sunscreen.

Training

An untrained dog of this size can become utterly uncontrollable. A rigorous training program should be established as soon as possible after getting a Dogue. Socialization is equally important. This is, in part, due to the massive size of the breed.

Leash training is important to control your big, strong dog and keep them safe while outside. Your dog should walk next to you, without pulling, so you can remain in control at all times.   

Positive reinforcement techniques are best for this breed, which can be stubborn and challenging to train at times.

Common Health Problems

The Dogue de Bordeaux typically has a shorter life than smaller dog breeds. There are some hereditary health problems that can occur in this breed. Responsible breeders strive to maintain the highest breed standards as established by kennel clubs like the AKC. Dogs bred by these standards are less likely to inherit health conditions. Pet parents can prevent some problems while puppies are growing by not over-exercising or overfeeding them so that they don't put on excessive weight.

Here are common health problems to watch for with the Dogue de Bordeaux breed:

• Cancer: This breed is prone to developing canine lymphoma. This type of cancer affects the formation of a certain type of white blood cell. The disease is treatable and the prognosis for the dog is usually excellent.
• Heart disease: Many dogs of this breed die from heart diseases, including dilated cardiomyopathy (the heart does not pump or contract properly) and sub-aortic stenosis (when a dog's aortic valve is abnormally narrow).
• Gastric dilation/volvulus: This condition is also known as bloat and stomach torsion. In this condition, gas is produced in the intestinal tract, and the stomach twists, which leads to a medical emergency.
• Hip dysplasia: This is a condition where the hip is abnormally developed, affecting the joints and sockets, and eventually resulting in lameness.
• Elbow dysplasia: Dysplasia is a genetic disorder that causes abnormal growth of cells in the joints, resulting in the malformation of the joints, pain, and lameness unless it is properly treated.
• Hereditary footpad hyperkeratosis: With this inherited problem, the dog’s pads become hard and thick and end up cracking. This is painful and makes walking difficult, and increases the risk of infection.  
• Skin issues: Keep an eye on your Dogue’s skin to look for signs of irritation or infection, such as dry, flaky skin, redness, and itchiness. This is especially important for skin folds.  

Diet and Nutrition

Adult dogs need four to seven cups of dry food each day, which should be split into two meals. You will need to take care that your dog does not gulp down a large amount of food at once, as that increases the risk of bloat and stomach torsion. Feed the dog twice a day and don't allow free-feeding or exercise for one to two hours after a meal. Have clean, fresh water available.

This breed is prone to food allergies, especially wheat, and you may have to provide a special diet. Luckily, there are good-quality commercial large breed dog foods that are wheat-free.

These dogs can be expensive to feed, as an adult male will eat a 50-pound bag of dry food per month. Monitor your dog for weight gain and discuss any needed changes with your veterinarian in your pup's diet, feeding schedule, or exercise needs.

Where to Adopt or Buy a Dogue de Bordeaux

The breed is still rare in the United States and in its native country. It's unlikely you'll find a rescue, but not impossible. If you work with a breeder for a Dogue de Bordeaux puppy, expect to pay between $1,400 to $2,500, and a show-ready puppy could fetch up to a hefty $5,000.

The best places for you to start your search include the following:

• Dogue de Bordeaux Society of America Breeder Listing Service
• Dogue de Bordeaux Rescue

Dogue de Bordeaux Overview

The Dogue de Bordeaux is a big dog with a big heart. But they can be a lot of work when it comes to training and grooming. They can be loads of fun for an active family, and these loyal dogs will always be ready to protect you.

Pros of Dogue de Bordeaux

• Loyal
• Courageous and protective
• Affectionate and even-tempered
  

Cons of Dogue de Bordeaux

• Slobbery
• Expensive nutrition needs
• Does not get along well with other pets, particularly other dogs
  

More Dog Breeds and Further Research

If you think the Dogue de Bordeaux is the right breed for you, do plenty of research before you get one. Ask for advice from veterinarians, Dogue de Bordeaux pet parents, breeders, and giant dog rescue groups.

If you’re interested in similar breeds, look into these to compare the pros and cons:

• Mastiff
• Bullmastiff
• Saint Bernard
• Perro de Presa Canario

There’s a whole world of potential dog breeds out there—with a little research, you can find the right one to bring home.